Tumbarumba

Native Species

Indicator description

Results for this indicator are also available for   ACT Bega Valley Bombala Boorowa Cooma-Monaro Cootamundra Eurobodalla Goulburn Mulwaree Gundagai Harden Palerang Queanbeyan Snowy River Tumbarumba Tumut Upper Lachlan Yass Valley Young

What the results tell us for Tumbarumba

The full extent of native animal and plant species diversity in Tumbarumba Shire is not known. About 860 plant species (native and introduced) and 252 animal species have been recorded there, but these records are not comprehensive. As the shire was not included in the regional State of the Environment report for the previous reporting period, comparisons of diversity with that period are not possible.

Eleven plant and 36 vertebrate animal species that occur in the shire are listed as Vulnerable or Endangered in NSW or nationally. The number of species in the shire listed as nationally threatened increased by one during the reporting period and the number listed as threatened in NSW increased by six. Two animal species had their status upgraded during the current period, one from nationally Vulnerable to nationally Endangered, and the other from Vulnerable to Endangered in NSW. An additional 36 threatened species are predicted to occur in the shire.

Native plants and animals in the shire are subject to national, state and local laws relating to biodiversity protection. Formal recovery plans were in place for nine listed threatened species; plans were adopted for six species during the current reporting period. During the same period, recovery plans were being prepared for nine species and were exhibited for another species. Fourteen listed animal species were covered by national action plans. Although various recovery actions had been initiated for many threatened species, the extent to which activities were carried out in the shire and had been effective in conserving species was not known.

In addition to assessing development proposals under its Local Environment Plan 1988, council developed a vegetation management plan during the reporting period to help protect biodiversity along roadside verges in the shire.

What native species occur in the shire?

No comprehensive lists of plant or animal species were available for Tumbarumba Shire. As past extensive clearing has resulted in significant loss of natural habitat for native plants and animals, species occurring in vegetation remnants within or near the shire provide some indication of the area's former native species diversity. Important areas containing remnant vegetation include national parks, nature reserves, travelling stock reserves, road reserves and cemeteries.

Plants (flora)

List of plant species in Tumbarumba Shire

About 860 plant species, most of them native, have been recorded in the shire, including over 100 lichens and mosses. No information was available on the abundance of native plant species during the reporting period.

Eleven plants recorded in the shire are listed as vulnerable or endangered (see Table 1); all were listed prior to the current reporting period. Scientific experts predict that an additional 16 vulnerable or endangered species may also occur in the shire (see Table 2), although there were no confirmed records of them at the end of the reporting period.

Table 1. Threatened plants known to occur in Tumbarumba Shire

Common name	Scientific name	Conservation status#			Recovery Plan or Action Plan (Date if known)
		National†	NSW‡	Change*
Anenome Buttercup	Ranunculus anemoneus	V	V	No	National Recovery Plan (?2001); NSW Recovery Plan (2001)
Austral Pillwort	Pilularia novae-hollandiae	–	E	No	None
Austral Toadflax	Thesium australe	V	V	No	National Recovery Plan in preparation (as at 28/02/04)
Bago Leek Orchid	Prasophyllum bagoensis	–	E	No	None
Elusive Cress	Irenepharsus magicus	–	E		Recovery Plan
Feldmark Grass	Rytidosperma pumilum (Erythranthera pumila)	V	V	No	National Recovery Plan (?2001); NSW Recovery Plan (2001)
Monaro Golden Daisy	Rutidosis leiolepis	V	V	No	None
Raleigh Sedge	Carex raleighii	–	E	No	NSW Recovery Plan (2001)
Rough Eyebright	Euphrasia scabra	–	E	No	None
Shining Cudweed	Euchiton nitidulus	V	V	No	National Recovery Plan (?2001); NSW Recovery Plan (2001)
Small Snake Orchid	Diuris pedunculata	E	E	No	None

# Status (threat category): E = Endangered; V = Vulnerable
† National status under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999; ‡ NSW status under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995; * Change in status since the end of the last reporting period (see also Threatened species—national status)
Source: ANH 2005; DEC 2005b; DEH 2005; NSW Government 2005

Table 2. Threatened plant species predicted to occur in Tumbarumba Shire

Common name	Scientific name
Cotonaster Pomoderris	Pomaderris cotoneaster
Crimson Spider Orchid	Caladenia concolor
Floating Swamp Wallaby-grass	Amphibromus fluitans
Kiandra Leek Orchid	Prasophyllum morganii
Leafy Anchor Plant	Discaria nitida
Mauve Burr-daisy	Calotis glandulosa
Max Mueller's Burr-daisy	Calotis pubescens
Phantom Wattle	Acacia phasmoides
Rosella Spider Orchid	Caladenia rosella
Silky Swainson-pea	Swainsona sericea
Square Raspwort	Haloragis exalata subsp. exalata
Swamp Everlasting	Xerochrysum palustre
Tumut Grevillea	Grevillea wilkinsonii
Wee Jasper Grevillea	Grevillea iaspicula
Woolly Ragwort	Senecio garlandii
Yass Daisy	Ammobium craspedioides

Source: DEC 2005b

Animals (fauna)

List of native animal species in Tumbarumba Shire

Two hundred and fifty two native vertebrate animal species have been recorded in the shire, about 65% of them birds (see Table 3). The number of invertebrate animals (insects etc) is not known. No specific information was available on the abundance of animal species during the reporting period.

Table 3. Number of vertebrate animal species known to occur in Tumbarumba Shire

Animal group (Order)	Number of species 2004
Mammals	41
Birds	162
Amphibians	17
Reptiles	29
Fish	3
Total	252

Source: NSW Government, 2005; Birds Australia 2005; CSIRO 2005

Thirty-six animal species recorded in Tumbarumba Shire are listed as endangered or vulnerable (see Table 4). They include 12 mammals, 14 birds, six frogs, one reptile and three fish. During the reporting period five species were listed as Vulnerable in NSW, one Endangered in NSW, and one nationally Endangered. Two species had their status upgraded—the Mountain Pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus) from Vulnerable to Endangered in NSW, and the Spotted-tailed Quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) from nationally Vulnerable to nationally Endangered. The Mountain Pygmy-possum is considered to be one of the species most threatened in Australia under climate change, as it lives on mountain-tops and has adapted to a cold climate (DEH 2005).

Table 4. Threatened animals known to occur in Tumbarumba Shire

Common name	Scientific name	Conservation status#			Recovery Plan or Action Plan (Date if known)
		National†	NSW‡	Change*
Mammals
Broad-toothed Rat	Mastacomys fuscus	–	V	No	None
Brush-tailed Phascogale	Phascogale tapoatafa	–	V	No	Action Plan (1996)2
Eastern Bentwing-bat	Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis	–	V	No	None
Eastern False Pipistrelle	Falsistrellus tasmaniensis	–	V	No	None
Eastern Pygmy-possum	Cercartetus nanus	–	V	Listed as Vulnerable in NSW, 08/06/01	None
Koala	Phascolarctos cinereus	–	V	No	Recovery Plan exhibited (21/03/03)
Mountain Pygmy-possum	Burramys parvus	E	E	Changed from Vulnerable to Endangered in NSW, 16/03/01	National Recovery Plan in preparation (as at 28/02/04)
Smoky Mouse	Pseudomys fumeus	E	E	No	National Recovery Plan in preparation (as at 28/02/04)
Southern Brown Bandicoot (eastern)	Isoodon obesulus obesulus	E	E	Listed as nationally Endangered, 04/04/01	National Recovery Plan in preparation (as at 28/02/04)
Spotted-tailed Quoll	Dasyurus maculatus	E	V	Changed from nationally Vulnerable to nationally Endangered, 14/05/04	National Recovery Plan in preparation (as at 28/02/04); Action Plan (1996)2
Squirrel Glider	Petaurus norfolcensis	–	V	No	Action Plan (1996)2
Yellow-bellied Glider	Petaurus australis	–	V	No	Recovery Plan (gazetted 07/03/03); Action Plan (1996)2
Birds
Black-chinned Honeyeater (eastern form)	Melithreptus gularis gularis	–	V	Listed as Vulnerable in NSW, 26/10/2001	Action Plan (2000)1
Blue-billed Duck	Oxyura australis	–	V	No	Action Plan (2000)1
Brown Treecreeper (eastern subspecies)	Climacteris picumnus victoriae	–	V	Listed as Vulnerable in NSW, 26/10/2001	Action Plan (2000)1
Glossy Black Cockatoo	Calyptorhynchus lathami	–	V	No	None
Hooded Robin (south-eastern form)	Melanodryas cucullata cucullata	–	V	Listed as Vulnerable in NSW, 26/10/2001	Action Plan (2000)1
Masked Owl	Tyto novaehollandiae	–	V	No	Action Plan (2000)1
Olive Whistler	Pachycephala olivacea	–	V	No	None
Painted Honeyeater	Grantiella picta	–	V	No	Action Plan (2000)1
Pink Robin	Petroica rodinogaster	–	V	No	None
Powerful Owl	Ninox strenua	–	V	No	Action Plan (2000)1
Regent Honeyeater	Xanthomyza phrygia	E	E	No	National Recovery Plan 1999–2003; Action Plan (2000)1
Sooty Owl	Tyto tenebricosa	–	V	No	None
Speckled Warbler	Pyrrholaemus sagittata	–	V	No	Action Plan (2000)1
Turquoise Parrot	Neophema pulchella	–	V	No	Action Plan (2000)1
Amphibians
Alpine Tree Frog	Litoria verreauxii alpina	V	E	Listed as Endangered in NSW, 15/03/02	National Recovery Plan in preparation (as at 28/02/04)
Booroolong Frog	Litoria booroolongensis	–	E	No	Recovery Plan in preparation
Northern Corroboree Frog	Pseudophryne pengilleyi	V	V	No	National Recovery Plan in preparation (as at 28/02/04)
Southern Bell Frog	Litoria raniformis	V	E	No	National Recovery Plan in preparation (as at 28/02/04)
Southern Corroboree Frog	Pseudophryne corroboree	E	E	No	National & NSW Recovery Plan (2001)
Spotted Tree Frog	Litoria spenceri	E	E	No	National Recovery Plan 1998-2002 (1998)
Reptiles
Rosenberg's Goanna	Varanus rosenbergi	–	V	No	None
Fish
Silver Perch	Bidyanus bidyanus	–	V	Listed as Vulnerable in NSW under Fisheries Management Act 1994, August 2000	Native Fish Strategy for the Murray-Darling Basin 2003-2013 (2003)4
Southern Pygmy Perch	Nannoperca australis	–	V	No	None
Trout Cod	Maccullochella macquariensis	E	E	No	National Recovery Plan 1998-2006 (1998)

# Status (threat category): E = Endangered; V = Vulnerable
† National status under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999; ‡ NSW status under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995; * Change in status since the end of the last reporting period (see also Threatened species—national status).
References: 1 = Garnett & Crowley 2000; 2 = Maxwell et al. 1996; 3 = Duncan et al. 1999; 4 = MDBMC 2003; Other sources: Birds Australia 2005; CSIRO 2005; DEC 2005b; DEH 2005; DPI 2005; Graham 2005; NSW Government 2005

Scientific experts predict that an additional 20 vulnerable or endangered animal species may occur in the shire (see Table 5), although there were no confirmed records of them at the end of the reporting period.

Table 5. Threatened animals predicted to occur in Tumbarumba Shire

Common name	Scientific name
Pink-tailed Worm-lizard	Aprasia parapulchella
Striped Legless Lizard	Delma impar
Australasian Bittern	Botaurus poiciloptilus
Barking Owl	Ninox connivens
Brolga	Grus rubicundus
Bush Stone-curlew	Burhinus grallarius
Diamond Firetail	Stagonopleura guttata
Freckled Duck	Stictonetta naevosa
Grey Falcon	Falco hypoleucos
Grey-crowned Babbler (eastern subspecies)	Pomatostomus temporalis temporalis
Painted Snipe	Rostratula benghalensis
Square-tailed Kite	Lophoictinia isura
Superb Parrot	Polytelis swainsonii
Swift Parrot	Lathamus discolor
Eastern Bentwing-bat	Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis
Large-footed Myotis	Myotis adversus
Smoky Mouse	Pseudomys fumeus
Spotted-tailed Quoll	Dasyurus maculatus
Squirrel Glider	Petaurus norfolcensis
Yellow-bellied Sheathtail-bat	Saccolaimus flaviventris

Source: DEC 2005b

In the broader South Eastern Highlands and Australian Alps bioregions within which Tumbarumba Shire is located, some bird species that are not listed as threatened are reported to have decreased in abundance over the last 20 years, although others are reported to have increased (Barrett et al. 2003). A selection of these species that occur in the shire is listed in Table 6.

Table 6. Native birds reported to be declining or increasing in the South Eastern Highlands and Australian Alps bioregions and known to occur in Tumbarumba Shire*

Common Name	Scientific Name	Declining	Increasing
Australian Raven	Corvus coronoides		+
Black-shouldered Kite	Elanus axillaris	+
Brown Falcon	Falco berigora	+
Eastern Yellow Robin	Eopsaltria australis		+
Emu	Dromaius novaehollandiae	+
Golden Whistler	Pachycephala pectoralis		+
Grey Shrike-thrush	Colluricincla harmonica		+
Jacky Winter	Microeca fascinans	+
Little Eagle	Hieraaetus morphnoides	+
Masked Lapwing	Vanellus miles	+
Mistletoebird	Dicaeum hirundinaceum		+
Nankeen Kestrel	Falco cenchroides	+
Noisy Friarbird	Philemon corniculatus		+
Pied Currawong	Strepera graculina		+
Purple Swamphen	Porphyrio porphyrio		+
Red Wattlebird	Anthochaera carunculata		+
Restless Flycatcher	Myiagra inquieta	+
Silvereye	Zosterops lateralis		+
Spotted Pardalote	Pardalotus punctatus		+
Striated Pardalote	Pardalotus striatus		+
Superb Fairy-wren	Malurus cyaneus		+
Wedge-tailed Eagle	Aquila audax	+
Weebill	Smicrornis brevirostris	+
Yellow Thornbill	Acanthiza nana		+

* For a complete list of declining and increasing species in the bioregion, see Barrett et al. (2003) pages 757–788.; Source: Barrett et al. 2003; Birds Australia 2005; CSIRO 2005; NSW Government 2005.

Threats and impacts on native species

Habitat disturbance and fragmentation are major threats to the distribution and abundance of native plant and animal species within the shire; with changes in landcover and landuse significant factors. There is little documented information however on the specific impacts of habitat disturbance, fragmentation or other threatening factors on species.

Although native plants and animals in the shire would have been subject to prolonged drought conditions during the current reporting period, actual drought impacts on species are generally not known or poorly understood. Such a natural event may however affect the abundance of species by causing localised deaths (plants and animals) or migration out of the area (animals).

Threatening processes affecting plants

Several key processes listed as threatening in Schedule 3 of the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 are relevant to plant species in Tumbarumba Shire. They include:

• alteration to the natural flow regimes of rivers and streams and their floodplains and wetlands
• clearing of native vegetation
• competition and grazing by the feral European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
• invasion of native plant communities by exotic perennial grasses.

The main known threats to some of the endangered/vulnerable plants occurring in the shire are outlined in Table 7. For information on known threats for other threatened plants in the area, including species predicted to occur there, see http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx.

Table 7. Selection of known threats to some listed Endangered and Vulnerable plants in Tumbarumba Shire

Species	Threats
Anenome Buttercup	habitat and plants may be lost as a result of ski slope developments
Austral Pillwort	drainage of swamps roadside populations may be threatened by roadworks
Elusive Cress	inadvertent weed spraying
Feldmark Grass	trampling by bushwalkers
Shining Cudweed	trampling damage by horses and bush walkers
Small Snake Orchid	clearing, fragmentation and/or disturbance of habitat through agriculture, development and roadside maintenance works, weed invasion, grazing and trampling by domestic stock illegal plant removal feral pigs disturbing or eating orchid tubers frequent fire, or fire during the active growth period (spring–autumn)

Source: DEC 2005b

Threatening processes affecting animals

Several key processes listed as threatening in Schedule 3 of the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 are relevant to animal species in Tumbarumba Shire. They include:

• alteration to the natural flow regimes of rivers and streams and their floodplains and wetlands
• bushrock removal
• clearing of native vegetation
• competition and grazing by the feral European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
• predation, habitat degradation, competition and disease transmission by Feral Pigs (Sus scrofa)
• competition and habitat degradation by Feral Goats (Capra hircus)
• competition from feral honeybees (Apis mellifera)
• infection of frogs by amphibian chytrid causing the disease chytridiomycosis
• predation by Plague Minnow or Mosquito Fish (Gambusia holbrooki)
• predation by the European Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
• predation by the Feral Cat (Felis catus)
• removal of dead wood and dead trees.

Eight key threats identified for native fish within the Murray-Darling Basin (MDBMC 2003) may also be relevant to fish species within the shire. These threats are low regulation, habitat degradation, lowered water quality, barriers, alien species, exploitation, diseases, and translocation and stocking.

Threats identified for most endangered/vulnerable animals occurring in Tumbarumba Shire are shown in Table 8. The threats include a range of factors that affect species habitat, food sources or population viability. Habitat clearance and fragmentation threaten many of the species. For information about known threats for individual species that occur in the shire, and other threatened species predicted to occur there, see http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx.

Table 8. Selection of known threats to some listed Endangered and Vulnerable animals in Tumbarumba Shire

Species	Threats
Mammals*
Broad-toothed Rat; Brush-tailed Phascogale; Eastern Bent-wing Bat; Eastern False Pipistrelle; Eastern Pygmy-possum; Koala; Smoky Mouse; Spotted-tailed Quoll; Squirrel Glider; Yellow-bellied Glider	habitat loss, fragmentation and/or degradation through native vegetation clearance, disturbance to roosting and breeding sites, loss of trees for foraging and hollow-bearing trees for roosting, use of pesticides and herbicides in or adjacent to foraging areas reduction in stream water quality affecting food resources competition with foxes and feral cats predation by foxes and dogs impacts of widespread strychnine baiting for dingoes non-target mortality from trapping and poisoning mortality as a result of raiding caged birds
Birds*
Black-chinned Honeyeater (eastern form); Blue-billed Duck; Brown Treecreeper (eastern subspecies); Hooded Robin; Olive Whistler; Painted Honeyeater; Pink Robin; Powerful Owl; Speckled Warbler; Turquoise Parrot	habitat loss, fragmentation and/or degradation through native vegetation clearance, tree loss through altered water tables, overgrazing by stock and rabbits habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation fox and cat predation competition with Starlings for nest sites road mortality drainage or degradation of deep permanent wetlands mortality during duck hunting season
Amphibians
Alpine Tree Frog; Booroolong Frog, Northern Corroboree Frog, Southern Bell Frog, Southern Corroboree Frog	habitat loss, fragmentation and/or degradation through modification of stream channels, loss of cobble banks, loss of native riparian vegetation, stock damage to stream margins, weed invasion of streamside habitats (particularly by willows) changes to water quality through sedimentation and use of herbicides or pesticides near streams predation of eggs and tadpoles by introduced fish disease—chytrid fungus

* Each threat listed does not necessarily apply to every species; Source: DEC 2005b.

What is being done to conserve native species?

National and state laws provide a framework for the protection of native plant and animal species within the shire. Two state laws were enacted during the reporting period: the Native Vegetation Act 2003 and the Catchment Management Authorities Act 2003. These two laws and the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 provide a landscape scale framework for biodiversity management. The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974, other state laws including the Fisheries Management Act 1994 and Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 and the national Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 provide the framework for the recognition and protection of threatened plant and animal species, and usually require the species to be taken into account during proposed developments. More information on these laws is provided in Government laws and policies.

Tumbarumba Shire is located within the Murray and Murrumbidgee Catchment Management Authority (CMA) areas. Each CMA is required to work in partnership with Local Government as well as other stakeholders. The Murray Catchment Blueprint (Murray Catchment Management Board 2003) and Murrumbidgee Catchment Blueprint (Murrumbidgee Catchment Management Board 2003), both completed during the current reporting period, include a range of management actions to restore, maintain or conserve biodiversity values.

Local government regulations, legislation or planning documents such as local environment plans (LEPs) may also provide some protection for native species, or limit or prohibit certain activities that may lead to the further decline of protected species. Tumbarumba Shire Council continued to assess development applications in accordance with the NSW Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, the NSW Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulations 2000 and the Tumbarumba Local Environmental Plan 1988. The local environment plan is the primary planning instrument for the assessment of development applications on private land in conjunction with the state laws and regulations.

Threatened species recovery planning

Of the 47 threatened species known to occur in Tumbarumba Shire, nine species had formal recovery plans in place (see tables 2 and 6); plans were adopted for six species during the current reporting period. Over the same period, recovery plans were being prepared for nine species and were exhibited for another species. Fourteen threatened animal species were covered by three national action plans, at least two of which were completed prior to the current reporting period.

An array of actions has been detailed by various conservation management agencies for many of the threatened species occurring in Tumbarumba Shire. Although recovery actions had been initiated during the reporting period by researchers and the NSW Department of Environment and Conservation for some of the threatened plant and animal species with no recovery plans, these actions did not necessarily occur within the shire. The extent to which recovery actions are proving effective in conserving targeted threatened species is not clear.

Other actions

Tumbarumba Shire Council developed the Tumbarumba Shire Roadside Vegetation Management Plan during the reporting period to help ensure the protection of biodiversity along roadside verges. The plan identified ten priority actions that included erecting Significant Roadside Environment signs on high conservation value roadsides, training road maintenance and management staff, community involvement in roadside vegetation maintenance, and a range of activities associated with revegetation (see Stein 2003). Council carried out a survey of roadside vegetation within the shire to assess its conservation value and so enable prioritisation for protection and enhancement.

A range of nationally funded activities undertaken during the reporting period in the Murray and Murrumbidgee catchments (DIPNR 2004) may have enhanced the conservation of plant and animal species in the shire.

Tumbarumba Shire supports six Landcare groups. The Landcare NSW website has information on the range of activities occurring in the shire and in the:

• Murrumbidgee catchment
• Murray catchment.

About the data

Data for species lists were obtained from the sources listed below.

• BioNet (NSW Government 2005)—this database includes records from the Australian Museum, Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) and Department of Primary Industries (DPI). The DEC data includes data from the former NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Atlas of NSW Wildlife database (DEC 2005a) and the Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens Herbarium Collection database (Royal Botanic Gardens 2005). The DPI data includes data from the former NSW State Forests and the former NSW Fisheries.
• Atlas of NSW Wildlife (DEC 2005a)—species records are submitted to the Atlas as incidental sightings or systematic surveys, or imported from existing databases. Location details are validated on data entry, based on the grid references supplied. An accuracy index of location is applied and all records are automatically assigned a reliability category, based on the observers' experience. Unusual sightings that fail validations are queried and further validation may occur.
• Australian National Wildlife Collection Database (CSIRO 2005).
• Australia's Virtual Herbarium database—contains flora records from the Australian National Herbarium and other major herbaria in Australia (ANH 2005).
• NSW State Forests data—flora and fauna records held by NSW State Forests South Coast, Eden and Riverina Regions.
• Atlas of Australian Birds database (Birds Australia 2005)—records of threatened and migratory birds only. Detail about the database, accuracy of its records and other relevant information is outlined in Barrett et al. (2003).

Selection of species records

Species records were selected from between July 1955 to June 2004. This date range was used to eliminate species which had not been recorded in the last 50 years, and to eliminate historic records with poor locational or taxonomic detail.

Where possible, an attempt was made to exclude exotic species from all species lists. However, due to extensive data and time constraints, some exotic plant species may be included in the list of native plant species and hence also included in the plant species total for the shire.

Some species, especially plants, may appear more than once in the species lists of native plants and animals where slight variations in spelling or formatting of scientific names have occurred between or within the datasets used to compile these lists.

The total number of plant and animal species referred to in this report equals the total number of taxa listed in the lists of native plant and animal species (i.e. the total 'species' count includes varieties, subspecies, forms and hybrids).

Threatened species—national status

Plant and animal species listed under the Commonwealth Government's Endangered Species Protection Act 1992 were automatically transferred to the new Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and were formally listed under the EPBC Act on 16 July 2000. Although this listing date falls within the current reporting period, the status of such species was considered to remain unchanged from the previous reporting period.

Threatened species predicted to occur in the shire

Data were provided from DEC, Threatened Species Unit, Southern Directorate as an extract from its Property Vegetation Planning Database. The information contained in this database is available on the internet (DEC 2005b), however the website is still being developed. The underlying data is being refined, additional utilities will be added and a number of known bugs resolved before the site is officially launched.

Recovery planning data

DEC provided the results of a search of the NSW Recovery Planning Database (DEC 2004). The results showed recovery actions undertaken for all threatened species within NSW for the current reporting period. The search was carried out on 15 December 2004.

References

ANH—see Australian National Herbarium

Australian National Herbarium (2005) Australia's Virtual Herbarium database, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, CSIRO and Australian National Botanic Gardens, Department of Environment and Conservation, Canberra.

Barrett, G, Silcocks, A, Barry, S, Cunningham, R and Poulter, R (2003) The New Atlas of Australian Birds, Royal Australasian Ornithologist's Union, Melbourne.

Birds Australia (2005) Atlas of Australian Birds database, Birds Australia, Melbourne.

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (2005) Australian National Wildlife Collection Database, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra.

CSIRO—see Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

DEC—see Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW)

DEH—see Department of Environment and Heritage (Commonwealth)

Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) (2004) Recovery Planning Database, Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Conservation, Hurstville.

Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) (2005a) Atlas of NSW Wildlife Database, Department of Environment and Conservation, Hurstville.

Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) (2005b) Threatened Species, Populations and Ecological Communities of NSW Catchments, viewed 12 April 2005, http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx.

Department of Environment and Heritage (Commonwealth) (2005) Species Profile and Threats Database, viewed December 2005, http://www.deh.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl.

Department of Infrastructure Planning and Natural Resources (NSW) (2004) 2003/04 Combined NSW Catchment Management Authorities Annual Report, Volume 1: CMA Activities and Achievements, Department of Infrastructure Planning and Natural Resources, Sydney.

Department of Primary Industries (NSW) (2005) Fisheries Scientific Committee Final Recommendations, viewed April 2005, http://www.fisheries.nsw.gov.au/threatened_species/fsc/recomend.

DIPNR—see Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources (NSW)

DPI—see Department of Primary Industries (NSW)

Duncan, A, Baker, GB and Montgomery, N (eds) (1999) The Action Plan for Australian Bats, Environment Australia, Canberra.

Garnett, ST and Crowley, GM (2000) The Action Plan for Australian Birds, Environment Australia, Canberra.

Graham, C (2005) Charles Sturt University, personal communication.

Maxwell, S, Burbidge, AA and Morris, K (eds) (1996) The 1996 Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes, Environment Australia, Canberra.

MDBMC—see Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council

Murray Catchment Management Board (2003) Integrated Catchment Management Plan for the Murray Catchment 2002. Murray Catchment Blueprint, NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation, Sydney, online at http://www.dlwc.nsw.gov.au/care/cmb/blueprints/pdf/murray.html.

Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council (2003) Native Fish Strategy for the Murray-Darling Basin 2003–2013, Murray Darling Basin Commission, Canberra.

Murrumbidgee Catchment Management Board (2003) Murrumbidgee Catchment Blueprint, NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation, Sydney, online at http://www.dlwc.nsw.gov.au/care/cmb/blueprints/pdf/murrumbidgee_blueprint.pdf.

NSW Government (2005) BioNet System, NSW Government, viewed 11 April 2005, http://www.bionet.nsw.gov.au/BioNet.cfm?is_ie5up.

Royal Botanic Gardens (2005) Herbarium Collection Database, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney.

Stein, D (2003) Tumbarumba Shire Roadside Vegetation Management Plan, Tumbarumba Shire Council, Tumbarumba.