Snowy River
Pest Plants
What the results tell us for Snowy River
Snowy River Shire Council identified 12 weeds of priority within their shire. All of the priority weed species have the potential to reduce primary productivity, while three species are poisonous or potentially harmful to livestock, and one species also has the potential to restrict stock access to water courses. All the priority weed species also have the potential to adversely impact on biological diversity and three threatened ecological communities in the shire. One pest plant species was reported to show an increase in high and medium density infestations during the reporting period, while low density infestations and scattered plants were reported to have increased for it and another five species.
Council undertook control measures along roadsides and in its reserves for all priority pest plant species during the reporting period. High and medium infestations of five species were estimated to have decreased over that time. Two pest plant species on private land were also targeted in 2002 and 2003–04. The Department of Environment and Conservation undertook a range of weed control activities in Kosciuszko National Park and three nature reserves located wholly or partly in the shire, often as collaborative programs. No information was available on weeds and weed management in the two state forests located partly within Snowy River Shire.
Pest plant infestations
Twelve priority pest plant species were identified in the Snowy River Shire during the reporting period: African Lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula), Bathurst Burr (Xanthium spp), Blackberry (Rubus fruiticosus), Broom (Cytisus scoparius), Gorse (Ulex nutans), Horehound (Marrubium vulgare), Nodding Thistle (Carduus nutans), Scotch Thistle (Onopordum acanthium), Serrated Tussock (Nassella trichotoma), St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum), Sweet Briar (Rosa rubiginosa) and Vipers Bugloss (Echium vulgare).
All the priority pest plant species have the potential to reduce primary productivity, with St John's Wort, Vipers Bugloss and Serrated Tussock also poisonous or potentially harmful to livestock, and Blackberry potentially able to restrict stock access to water courses. The 12 priority species also have the potential to adversely impact on three threatened ecological communities that occur in the shire. The three communities are 'Natural Temperate Grasslands of the Southern Tablelands of NSW and the ACT' and 'Grassy White Box Woodlands', both of which are listed as nationally Endangered under the Commonwealth's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, and 'White Box Yellow Box Blakely's Red Gum Woodland communities' which is listed as Endangered under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.
The location, approximate area and density of infestation of the 12 major pest plants in Snowy River Shire are summarised in Table 1. Vipers Bugloss increased in all densities during the reporting period. Low density infestations and/or scattered plants of African Lovegrass, Scotch Thistle, Serrated Tussock, St Johns Wort, Sweet Briar and Vipers Bugloss also increased.
| Pest plant species | Location and area of infestations * |
|---|---|
| African Lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) | Townships of Jindabyne, Berridale and Dalgety, some rural land particularly along Snowy River Corridor from Jindabyne to Ironmungy. Roadsides of major routes through shire. Infestations cover approximately 1% of the shire and are at the following densities: High—100 hectares Medium—500 hectares Low—2,000 hectares Scattered plants—6,000 hectares |
| Bathurst Burr (Xanthium spp) | Roadsides and grasslands in the eastern part of the shire. Infestations cover less than 1% of the shire and are at the following densities: High—60 hectares Medium—80 ha Low—100 hectares Scattered plants—300 hectares |
| Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) | Riverbanks particularly the Snowy, Mowamba, Moonbah and Murrumbidgee Rivers. Low density populations in Ngadang and Paupong Nature Reserves. Infestations cover less than 1% of the shire and are at the following densities: High—30 hectares Medium—40 hectares Low—120 hectares Scattered plants—100 hectares |
| Broom (Cytisus scoparius) | Rural land and reserves in Snowy River Shire, particularly around Adaminaby and Lake Eucumbene. Infestations cover less than 1% of the shire and are at the following densities: High—40 hectares Medium—30 ha Low—10 hectares Scattered plants—15 hectares |
| Gorse (Ulex nutans) | Creeks within the shire. Infestations cover less than 1% of the shire and are at the following densities: Scattered plants—15 hectares |
| Horehound (Marrubium vulgare) | Pastures and sheep yards within the shire. Infestations cover less than 1% of the shire and are at the following densities: High—60 hectares Medium –150 hectares Low—400 hectares Scattered plants—900 hectares |
| Nodding Thistle (Carduus nutans) | Yaouk Valley, Dry Plains, Numbla Vale and Jindabyne area. Infestations cover approximately 1% of the shire and are at the following densities: High—240 hectares Medium—900 ha Low—1,300 hectares Scattered plants—4,000 hectares |
| Scotch Thistle (Onopordum acanthium) | Rural land within Snowy River Shire. Infestations cover approximately 12% of the shire and are at the following densities: High—5,000 hectares Medium—7,000 ha Low—8,000 hectares Scattered plants—50,000 hectares |
| Serrated Tussock (Nassella trichotoma) | Rural land throughout most of shire except far north and south, but concentrated along Snowy River corridor between Jindabyne and Dalgety. High density populations in Ngadang Nature Reserves and Wullwye and low density populations in Myalla, Bobundara and Paupong Nature Reserves. Infestations cover approximately 32% of the shire and are at the following densities: High—1,095 hectares Medium—1,200 hectares Low—4,360 hectares Scattered plants—188,000 hectares |
| St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) | Townships of Jindabyne, Dalgety and Adaminaby, some rural land around Jindabyne, Lake Eucumbene and Paupong. Infestations cover approximately 2% of the shire and are at the following densities: High—500 hectares Medium—900 hectares Low—1,800 hectares Scattered plants—9,000 hectares |
| Sweet Briar (Rosa rubiginosa) | Rural land and reserves within Snowy River Shire. Low density population within Ngadang Nature Reserve. Infestations cover approximately 19% of the shire and are at the following densities: High—1,200 hectares Medium—5,000 hectares Low—10,040 hectares Scattered plants—100,000 hectares |
| Vipers Bugloss (Echium vulgare) | Roadsides, rural residential, rural and reserve land particularly surrounding Jindabyne, Lake Jindabyne and Dalgety. Infestations cover approximately 6% of the shire and are at the following densities: High—400 ha Medium—2,500 ha Low—10,000 ha Scattered plants—20,000 ha |
Source: Snowy River Shire Council, Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC—formerly NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service)
* Note: High density infestation (80–100% cover); Medium density infestation (50–79% cover); Low density infestation (10–49 % cover); Scattered plants (<10% cover)
Possibly up to 19 plant species were pests in the eight national parks and nature reserves that are located wholly or partly within Snowy River Shire. No information was available regarding the presence of pest plants within the two state forests partly located within the shire's boundary. (See the introduction to biodiversity.)
Pest plants as threatening processes
A final determination to list 'Invasion of native plant communities by exotic perennial grasses' as a key threatening process under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 was made by the NSW Scientific Committee during the current reporting period. The exotic perennial species included African Lovegrass and Serrated Tussock, both of which are of concern within the shire. The impacts of exotic perennial grasses as outlined in the final determination made by the Scientific Committee include (DEC 2004):
- competition with or displacement of native species
- local and regional declines in many native plant species and communities.
Pest plant control activities
NSW Government agencies
The Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC—formerly NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service) undertook control for at least 19 weed species within Kosciuszko National Park and Serrated Tussock within three nature reserves in the shire between 2001 and the end of June 2004 (see Table 2). As no detailed information was provided on the locations of the infestations within Kosciuszko National Park targeted during the 2003–04 financial year, it is not possible to ascertain which control programs were actually located within the Snowy River Shire.
| Location | Pest plant species | Total area treated in 2003–04 (ha) |
|---|---|---|
| Kosciuszko National Park | African Lovegrass
Blackberry Broom Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster glaucophyllus) Firethorn (Pyracantha sp.) Greater Lotus (Lotus uliginosus) Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) Hemlock (Conium maculatum) Holly (Ilex aquifolium) Horehound Nodding Thistle Patterson's Curse (Echium spp) Poplar (Populus sp.) St John's Wort Serrated Tussock Sweet Briar Tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) | Not available |
| Bobundara Nature Reserve | Serrated Tussock | 50 ha |
| Myalla Nature Reserve | Serrated Tussock | 10.5 ha |
| Wullwye Nature Reserve | Serrated Tussock | 7.5 ha |
The control programs undertaken by DEC within Kosciuszko National Park between 2001 and 2003 included the following (NPWS 2001, 2002, 2003):
- control of Willows (Salix spp) in the Snowy and Thredbo River valleys, in cooperation with Snowy Hydro, the Department of Planning Infrastructure and Natural Resources (formerly Department of Land and Water Conservation), Kosciuszko Alpine Resort and Landcare groups
- Willow control within the Back Creek, Snowy River and Thredbo River catchments
- control of weeds along roads such as the Snowy Mountains Highway, along dam foreshores and around Snowy Hydro facilities, in conjunction with the Roads and Traffic Authority and Snowy Hydro
- a Serrated Tussock mapping and control program, with Landcare groups
- mapping of Scotch Broom, with Snowy Hydro, to enable infestations to be located for follow-up control
- commencement of a pro-active search program for Scotch Broom, to identify new infestations after bushfires.
No information was available regarding control programs for pest plant species within state forests within the shire.
Snowy River Shire Council
Control programs for the 12 priority weeds have been in place within the shire since the 1950's. The current control program, which involves the use of contractors (rather than Council staff) to undertake works, was initiated in 1997. The Council weed control program covers 1,600 hectares of roadsides and 450 hectares of Council managed reserves. Although control work is not undertaken over the entire extent of these areas, these areas are inspected for the presence of the priority weeds.
The control of ten of the priority pest plants within the shire is undertaken according to Regional and Local Weed Management plans. Regional Weed Management plans cover the area for which the Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee is responsible. Bathurst Burr and Sweet Briar do not have management plans in place within the shire. Regional Weed Management plans for the Southern Tablelands and South Coast Region developed during the reporting period, in which the Snowy River Shire Council is involved, covered ten pest plant species (see Table 3).
| Pest plant species | Reference |
|---|---|
| African Lovegrass | STSCNPC, 2003a |
| Bitou Bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera) | STSCNPC, 2002e |
| Broom (includes Scotch/English Broom, Cape/Montpellier Broom (Genista monspessulana), Spanish Broom (Spartium junceum)) | STSCNPC, 2002b |
| Blackberry | STSCNPC, 2002a |
| St John's Wort | STSCNPC, 2003d |
| Serrated Tussock | STSCNPC, 2003c |
| Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) | STSCNPC, 2003b |
| Chilean Needlegrass (Nassella neesiana) | STSCNPC, 2002c |
| Gorse | STSCNPC, 2002b |
Within the current reporting period, sub-regional plans were prepared for the Monaro sub-region for African Lovegrass, St John's Wort, Vipers Bugloss/Patterson's Curse (Echium plantagineum), Scotch/Nodding Thistles, Horehound and Serrated Tussock. These sub-regional weed management plans were developed in sympathy with the regional weed management plans but override the latter. A sub-regional management plan is currently being developed for the Monaro sub-region for Aquatic Noxious Weeds.
The current sub-regional plans outline management actions for the period from 2003 to 2008. The major objective of all priority weed control programs within the shire is to ensure maximum suppression and destruction of declared noxious weeds on private property and public lands. The objectives of control programs for the major weeds are outlined in Table 4.
| Pest plants | Objectives of control program |
|---|---|
| St John's Wort and African Lovegrass |
|
| Serrated Tussock |
|
| Vipers Bugloss, Nodding Thistle, Horehound and Scotch Thistle |
|
| Sweet Briar |
|
| Broom and Gorse |
|
| Blackberry |
|
Source: Snowy River Shire Council
Weed control methods for priority species within the shire predominantly involved the use of herbicide, with some physical removal of Vipers Bugloss, Scotch Thistle and Sweet Briar. Biological control methods were also used in conjunction with other methods to control Vipers Bugloss, Horehound, Blackberry and Scotch Thistle.
Council is represented on the Local Management Team of the Snowy Monaro Biodiversity Conservation Strategy (SMBCS) Project, and various other projects to provide incentives to control perennial grassy weeds which threaten native grasslands in the region. Council has also developed a number of new regional weed plans with their partners in the Monaro Regional Weeds Committee which will have a positive impact on native species in the Shire.
Council supports the SMBCS Project by monitoring weed infestations on properties in the pilot area through noxious weed inspections and providing advice and support to landholders involved in the pilot project.
Expenditure on and effectiveness of pest plant control
Expenditure on weed control and outcomes of control programs for selected priority pest plant species within the shire are summarised in Table 5. The majority of funding for weed control for 10 of the priority species was sourced either through Council and/or the Department of Primary Industries (DPI—formerly NSW Agriculture). Although the figures were not available for the current reporting period, in many instances landholder expenditure within the shire for control of most weeds, including Serrated Tussock, greatly exceeded expenditure by Council and NSW State Government agencies.
Council undertook control measures for all species. Apart from Serrated Tussock and St John's Wort (see Pest plant control of Serrated Tussock and St John's Wort on private land), no information was available regarding control works undertaken by individuals (such as farmers) or community groups for any of the priority pest species.
Serrated Tussock had the greatest reduction in area of all pest plants in the shire due to control works during the reporting period, with estimated decreases in high, medium and low density infestations. This complements the reduction in infestations due to effective control measures reported during the previous reporting period. Despite the decreases, however, areas of scattered Serrated Tussock plants increased markedly from July 2000 to June 2004. This largely reflects the effectiveness of control programs in reducing high and medium density areas of the weed (which would be re-classified to the scattered plants category) as well as increased detection of infestation in areas previously considered clean, and drought conditions during the reporting period.
All densities of Vipers Bugloss within the shire were reported to increase during the reporting period despite ongoing funding for control. These increases were largely due to the under-estimation of areas of infestation in the previous reporting period and a potential increase in area due to the reporting period's drought conditions.
High and medium density infestations of Sweet Briar and St John's Wort remained unchanged in abundance during the current reporting period, while low density infestations and scattered plants increased. The increases in St John's Wort followed the 2003 bushfires and were due to the spread of propagules from increased vehicle movement at the time of seed capsule production. They may also have been due to the long dry period the region experienced and which caused increased infestations of some weed species. Differences in area of infestation between the previous and current reporting periods for Sweet Briar can be attributed largely to more accurate information for the current period, together with some actual increases in area for the species.
High and medium density infestations of African Lovegrass and Scotch Thistle were reported to have decreased during the reporting period while low density areas and scattered plants remained unchanged or increased. The decreases in high and medium infestations may be partially due to over-estimations of their densities in the previous reporting period, although some significant infestations of African Lovegrass have been controlled since July 2000. The introduction of biological control methods for Scotch Thistle during the current reporting may have further contributed to its apparent decreases. While areas of low density and scattered plants of African Lovegrass actually increased from July 2000 to June 2004, the degree of increase may be exaggerated by under-estimation of these densities during the previous reporting period.
The area of Gorse within the shire was reported to have remained unchanged during the current reporting period. This is largely inconsequential, as it only covered an area of 15 hectares. Areas of Nodding Thistle decreased in all densities within the current reporting period, largely because biological control methods were introduced and became effective in the Yaouk area. Nodding Thistle actually became denser and more widespread in the Dry Plain area within the shire.
The changes in infestation areas of Bathurst Burr and Horehound within the current reporting period are not known.
| Annual expenditure on controlling pest plant species | Outcome: Change in abundance or spread from levels in 2001 | Total Area treated (ha) # | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Amount | Source of funding | ||
| African Lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) | ||||
| 2000–01 | $22,823 | Council & DPI | High density infestations—estimate decrease Medium density infestations—estimate decrease Low density infestations—estimate increase Scattered plants—estimate increase | 2,000 ha (23% of infested area) |
| 2001–02 | $19,458 | Council | ||
| 2002–03 | $36,310 | Council | ||
| 2003–04 | $32,193 | Council | ||
| Bathurst Burr (Xanthium spp) | ||||
| 2000–04 | $0 | No data are available regarding change in abundance or spread for this species | No data | |
| Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) | ||||
| 2000–01 | $224 | Council | High density infestations—estimate decrease Medium density infestations—estimate decrease Low density infestations—estimate no change Scattered plants—estimate no change | 20 ha (9% of infested area) |
| 2001–02 | $274 | Council | ||
| 2002–03 | $2,420 | Council | ||
| 2003–04 | $1,264 | Council | ||
| Broom (Cytisus scoparius) | ||||
| 2000–01 | $1,307 | Council | High density infestations—estimate decrease Medium density infestations—estimate decrease Low density infestations—estimate no change Scattered plants—estimate no change | 20 ha (21% of infested area) |
| 2001–02 | $3,624 | Council | ||
| 2002–03 | $3,654 | Council | ||
| 2003–04 | $2,110 | Council | ||
| Gorse (Ulex nutans) | ||||
| 2000–04 | $0 | Estimated no change in all densities of Gorse since 2000 | No data | |
| Horehound (Marrubium vulgare) | ||||
| 2000–01 | $457 | Council | No data are available regarding change in abundance or spread for this species | No data |
| 2001–02 | $1,100 | |||
| 2002–03 | $1,017 | |||
| 2003–04 | $0 | |||
| Nodding Thistle (Carduus nutans) | ||||
| 2000–01 | $219 | Council | High density infestations—estimate decrease Medium density infestations—estimate decrease Low density infestations—estimate decrease Scattered plants—estimate decrease | No data |
| 2001–02 | $1,142 | Council | ||
| 2002–03 | $1,047 | Council | ||
| 2003–04 | $482 | Council | ||
| Scotch Thistle (Onopordum acanthium) | ||||
| 2000–01 | $7,133 | Council | High density infestations—estimate decrease Medium density infestations—estimate decrease Low density infestations—estimate no change Scattered plants—estimate increase | 80 ha (0.1% of infested area) |
| 2001–02 | $9,604 | Council | ||
| 2002–03 | $3,655 | Council | ||
| 2003–04 | $4,960 | Council | ||
| Serrated Tussock (Nassella trichotoma) | ||||
| 2000–01 | $37,151 | Council,DPI,DEC | High density infestations—estimate decrease Medium density infestations—estimate decrease Low density infestations—estimate decrease Scattered plants—estimate increase | 11,805 ha (6% of infested area) |
| 2001–02 | $55,815 | Council, DPI, DEC, NHT, landholders | ||
| 2002–03 | $55,117 | Council, NHT, DEC, landholders | ||
| 2003–04 | $282,466 | Council, WONS, DEC, landholders | ||
| St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) | ||||
| 2000–01 | $31,421 | Council,DPI | High density infestations—estimate no change Medium density infestations—estimate no change Low density infestations—estimate increase Scattered plants—estimate increase | 2,861 ha (24% of infested area) |
| 2001–02 | $40,388 | Council | ||
| 2002–03 | $33,391 | Council | ||
| 2003–04 | $40,153 | Council, DPI, Bushcare | ||
| Sweet Briar (Rosa rubiginosa) | ||||
| 2000–01 | $1,074 | Council | High density infestations—estimate no change Medium density infestations—estimate no change Low density infestations—estimate increase Scattered plants—estimate increase | 120 ha (0.1% of infested area) |
| 2001–02 | $566 | Council | ||
| 2002–03 | $10,633 | Council | ||
| 2003–04 | $9,094 | Council | ||
| Vipers bugloss (Echium vulgare) | ||||
| 2000–01 | $3,676 | Council | Estimated increase for all densities since 2000 | 160 ha (0.5% of infested area) |
| 2001–02 | $2,463 | Council | ||
| 2002–03 | $2,294 | Council | ||
| 2003–04 | $9,177 | Council | ||
Source: Snowy River Shire Council, DEC
# Note With the exception of St John's Wort and Serrated Tussock, total area includes area covered by control works undertaken by Council only. Area of control works undertaken by community groups and individuals for all other pest plants within the shire is not known.
Over the last five years Council has run or participated in a number of incentives projects funded by the Natural Heritage Trust and Weeds of National Significance program. These projects have brought $320,000 of funding into the shire for weed and vegetation management. The total value of the projects, including contributions from Landholders, Council and other agencies, has exceeded $3.6 million dollars over the five years to June 2005 (Table 7). Each project addressed invasion by Serrated Tussock and African Lovegrass, species that are part of a key threatening process in the region (see Pest plants as threatening processes).
| Project | Total Contributions | Total Grant Funds | Total Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| Berridale Rocky Plains Incentives Project | $2,836,824 | $196,471 | $3,033,295 |
| Paupong Numbla Vale | $163,752 | $40,649 | $204,401 |
| WONS I | $289,367 | $49,710 | $339,077 |
| WONS II | $69,949 | $37,394 | $107,343 |
| Total | $3,684,116 | ||
Source: Snowy River Shire Council
Pest plant control of Serrated Tussock and St John's Wort on private land
Serrated Tussock and St John's Wort were targeted for control on private land within the Snowy River Shire in 2002 and the 2003–04 financial year.
In 2002, Serrated Tussock control on private land within the Paupong-Numbla Vale area was partially funded through the Federal Government's Natural Heritage Trust (NHT), together with a significant contribution from landholders and Council in-kind and monetary contributions. These resources were used for weed control and revegetation works.
In the 2003–04 financial year, landholders provided $106,000 (representing 38% of total funds) for a Serrated Tussock control project on private lands in the shire. Their contribution was supplemented by $50,000 incentive funding from the Commonwealth Government's Weeds of National Significance (WONS) program and Council in-kind and monetary contributions. The project involved 54 landholders, with holdings ranging from two-hectare rural residential blocks to 2000-hectare sheep and cattle properties, and covering a total area of 19,000 hectares. Control and revegetation works were undertaken over 9,000 hectares within these holdings. Approximately 50% of the properties eradicated Serrated Tussock, with the remaining properties undertaking between 20% and 80% of control work. The remaining works on these properties are to be undertaken by landholders according to an agreed staged plan (Clarke, 2005).
A St John's Wort control program on private lands within the Ngadang area of the shire commenced in January 2004. It was funded from the Bushcare program and Council in-kind and monetary contributions.
About the data
Data were provided by Snowy River Shire Council. Its data on area infested and treated may not be an accurate representation of actual areas on the ground. A new weed mapping system for on-ground inspections is being initiated and should be available for the 2008 State of the Environment Report.
Photographs were taken by Jackie Miles and Max Campbell, see http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/ for more information.
Additional data collected for the 2003–04 financial year for the Ecologically Sustainable Forest Management Program were provided by DEC South Branch. No other information on DEC pest plant control programs was available for 2004.
Data regarding expenditure on weed control within reserves was provided by DEC Snowy Mountains Region.
References
Clarke, J (2005) Controlling Serrated Tussock Through Incentives: Final Report, Snowy River Shire Council.
DEC—see Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW)
Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) (2004) NSW Scientific Committee—Final Determination, Invasion of Native Plant Communities by Exotic Perennial Grasses—Key Threatening Process Declaration, NSW Department of Environment and Conservation, viewed 3 February 2005, http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/ Content/Invasion+of+native+plant+communities+by+exotic+perennial+grasses+key+ threatening+process+declaration
NPWS—See NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service
NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service (2001) Weed Management Programs 2001, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville.
NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service (2002) Weed Management Programs 2002, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville.
NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service (2003) Weed Management 2003, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville.
Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee (2001a) Regional Weed Management Plan for Aquatic Noxious Weeds 2001–2006, Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee, viewed 5 January 2005, http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/Fwortregionalplan.pdf.
Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee (2001b) South Coast Lantana Management Plan 2001–2005, Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee, viewed 5 January 2005, http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/Lantana.pdf.
Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee (2002a) Blackberry Regional Management Plan 2002–2007, Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee, viewed 5 January 2005, http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/BlackberryRMP02–07.pdf.
Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee (2002b) Broom and Gorse Regional Management Plan 2002–2007, Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee, viewed 5 January 2005, http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/BroomRMP02–03.pdf.
Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee (2002c) Chilean Needle Grass Regional Weed Management Plan 2002–2007, Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee, viewed 5 January 2005, http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/Chileanneedlegrass.pdf.
Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee (2002d) Groundsel Bush Regional Weed Management Plan 2002–2007, Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee, viewed 5 January 2005, http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/Groundselbush.pdf.
Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee (2002e) South Coast Bitou Bush Management Plan 2002–2007, Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee, viewed 5 January 2005, http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/BitouRMP02–07.pdf
Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee (2003a) African Lovegrass Regional Management Plan 2003–2008, Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee, viewed 5 January 2005, http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/AfricanLovegrassfinal.pdf.
Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee (2003b) Fireweed Regional Weed Management Plan 2003–2008, Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee, viewed 5 January 2005, http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/fireweedplan.pdf.
Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee (2003c) Serrated Tussock Regional Weed Management Plan 2003–2008, Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee, viewed 5 January 2005, http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/FSerratedtussockweedplan.pdf.
Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee (2003d) St John's Wort Regional Management Plan 2003–2008, Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee, viewed 5 January 2005, http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/Fwortregionalplan.pdf.
STSCNPC—see Southern Tablelands and South Coast Noxious Plants Committee